唐晓峰：内蒙古西北部秦汉长城调查记 …… 长城小站:《中国长城文献资料数据库》

《内蒙古西北部秦汉长城调查记》
作　　者：唐晓峰
　　　　　内蒙古大学蒙古史研究室
出　　处：文物 1977年第5期
发表时间：1977-05-00
参考链接：
　　· book://read5.5read.com/diskaqk/aqk37/7705/000016.pdg
正　　文：

长城是我国古代最伟大的军事建筑工程之一，它以规模宏大、气势雄伟、历史悠久而著称于世界。
　　早在两千多年以前，我国就已经形成为一个统一的多民族的封建国家。不管封建王朝如何更迭，也不管哪个民族的统治阶级掌握政权，中国始终作为一个多民族国家存在 ……

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参考文献：

注释
　　1.《史记·秦始皇本纪》。
　　2.6.7.10.12.13.14.15.16.17.19.20.《汉书·匈奴传》。
　　3.西汉修缮秦长城之事，即后文中的汉将卫青“复缮故秦时蒙恬所为塞”。
　　4.《水经注·河水》。
　　5.《史记·匈奴列传》正义。
　　8.寿鹏飞：《历代长城考》，第10页。
　　9.参看植村清二：《万里の长城》，第40页。
　　11.参看侯仁之、俞伟超：《乌兰布和沙漠的考古发现和地理环境的变迁》，《考古》1973年第2期。
　　18.劳干《居延汉简考释》卷二，第183页，商务印书馆，1949年。
　　21.瓦西里耶夫：《中国的长城》，苏联《历史问题》1971年1月号。
　　图一、图五的图例“侯城遗址”当为“障城遗址”。
　　图一中的障城遗址有：1.苏独仓遗址2.增龙昌遗址3.三元成遗址。
　　图五中的障城遗址有：1.巴音诺洛小石城遗址2.巴音诺洛障城遗址3.楚鲁呼尼遗址4.苏亥遗址5.乌兰乎热遗址6.宝音图遗址7.来其波遗址8.阿尔乎热遗址9.沃博尔乎热遗址10.苏计遗址11.巴音圐圙国遗址12.乌兰乎热遗址。

　　唐晓峰　男，1948年3月生，辽宁海城人。北京大学历史地理研究中心副教授。1975年毕业于北大历史系考古专业。后在内蒙古大学蒙古史研究室工作。1978年始，为北大地理系历史地理专业研究生，1981年毕业获硕士学位，并留校任教。1994年，获博士学位。1995年在北京大学历史地理研究中心任教，并任历史地理研究中心主任。主要从事城市历史地理学和文化地理学的教学与研究。主要著作有博士论文From Dynastic Geography to Historical Geography（《从王朝地理到历史地理》）、《五岳地理说》（《九州》第一辑，1997年）等。

摘自《北京大学百年国学文粹·考古卷》

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͆о�壺Śĉ�Ǝ��&# -- [未验证] Sonja (2025-05-23 03:19:10)

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Some individuals with diabetes might need to take three, 4, 5, or even 10 times the quantity of insulin they’re
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While it is a common application, AAS are used for a quantity of
other purposes. Although traditionally regarded as
a male hormone, girls additionally produce testosterone however in a lot
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and a healthy libido (2). While steroids’ muscle-building capabilities are properly documented,
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for you. Anabolic steroids (artificial androgens) work by activating
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Since massive doses of AAS are administered during an AAS cycle, it's evident that the
development of gynecomastia during AAS use is not the outcomes of
an absolute or relative deficiency of androgenic action. Estradiol levels enhance dose-dependently
with testosterone administration; however, the rise is of proportionately lesser magnitude with growing doses, indicating saturation of aromatase
activity (23). As such, it appears reasonable to conclude that an absolute extra of
estrogenic action causes the development of gynecomastia
during AAS use, regardless of its relative action compared with androgens.

Some initial knowledge regarding the time course
of HPGA restoration after AAS use have lately been printed (176).
When gonadal function was regular before an AAS cycle, there was a 90% chance of getting regular testosterone ranges 3
months after cessation and a one hundred pc probability at the finish of
follow-up (1 12 months after the start of the cycle). At the group degree, mean testosterone levels
returned to baseline three months after cessation. Importantly, 37% of the topics
had signs of irregular gonadal operate at baseline of which 95% had a historical past of AAS use.

Not uncommonly on this time interval, dissatisfaction with the intercourse,
frustration of the sexual relationship with the bed partner(s),
and lack of self-confidence may lead to perpetuation of erectile dysfunction even when testosterone ranges recuperate.
The mechanism for this is unclear, but, on circumstance that estradiol, independently
consequences of steroids (Suzanna) testosterone, also performs a task in regulating erectile function (194), it might involve an imbalance between androgenic and estrogenic motion. Erectile dysfunction can also be a consequence of psychological elements, as libido might rise
sharply in an AAS user during the cycle and infrequently hinder a wholesome
and mutual sexual relationship. The mechanism of toxicity remains poorly understood, but it has been suggested to
result from AR activation in liver cells, leading to an elevated manufacturing of reactive oxygen species
(ROS) (11). Subsequently, AAS with enough resistance
to hepatic breakdown and potency to activate the AR are prone to incur liver
harm. The medical relevance of increased biochemical markers of liver injury in response to AAS use remains unknown.
Despite testosterone being the primary mediator of LH’s impact on spermatogenesis, exogenous administration of testosterone can't
help spermatogenesis. Intratesticular testosterone (ITT) levels are
about 50 to 100 occasions greater than in circulation (180) and exogenous administration severely suppresses this
to levels that are unable to help spermatogenesis (181).
Oral AAS again reveal unfavorable adjustments, persistently rising LDL-cholesterol (38, 118,
121, 125, 126). In the HAARLEM study, LDL-cholesterol elevated by zero.forty five mmol/L
compared with baseline (46).

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͆о�壺Śĉ�Ǝ��&# -- [未验证] Wally (2025-05-22 08:57:29)

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͆о�壺Śĉ�Ǝ��&# -- [未验证] Melvin (2025-05-19 18:01:29)

Une mauvaise utilisation de la testost閞one peut entra頽er des effets
dangereux ou irr関ersibles. L’injection de testost閞one peut 間alement 阾re utilis閑 � des fins non r閜ertori閑s dans
ce information de m閐icament. Les sympt鬽es d’un faible taux de testost閞one peuvent inclure la dysfonction 閞ectile, la baisse de libido, la r閐uction de la manufacturing de spermatozo飀es,
les changements d’humeur, et une augmentation de la masse graisseuse.

Se familiariser avec ces contre-indications permet aux
patients et aux professionnels de la sant� de prendre des d閏isions 閏lair閑s sur l’utilisation des
th閞apies � base de testost閞one. C’est en tout cas ce que sugg鑢ent plusieurs 閠udes qui ont mis en 関idence un lien entre une focus basse
en testost閞one et la survenue de maladies cardiovasculaires.
Des r閟ultats qui plaident en faveur d’une suppl閙entation en testost閞one mais
qui sont controvers閟.
Si certains hommes prennent des injections de testost閞one
en vieillissant pour 閝uilibrer la diminution de la
manufacturing naturelle de cette hormone par leur corps, les effets d’un tel traitement ont 閠�
tr鑣 peu 閠udi閟. Il est necessary de noter que l’administration des injections de testost閞one
doit 阾re r閍lis閑 conform閙ent aux recommandations et aux
directions fournies par le m閐ecin traitant. Une mauvaise administration peut entra頽er un manque d’efficacit� du traitement ou des effets ind閟irables.

Promettant de traiter les sympt鬽es li閟 au vieillissement chez l'homme,
ce traitement substitutif semble parfois consid閞� comme un 玶em鑔e magique�.
Une controverse existe notamment en ce qui concerne les liens
entre testost閞one et risque d'accidents cardiovasculaires.
Il est n閏essaire d'utiliser les doses recommand閑s avec
protection pour obtenir un rendement optimal.
Une dose 閘ev閑 et � long terme de testost閞one provoque diff閞ents effets
secondaires n間atifs. Les gens devraient 関iter de fumer et de
consommer de l'alcool pendant les cycles de testost閞one.

Il peut 間alement am閘iorer l'endurance,
ce qui vous permet de faire plus d'entra頽ements lourds et de r閏up閞er rapidement de vos blessures
musculaires apr鑣 l'entra頽ement.
Vous trouverez ci-dessous un tableau comparant
les temps de d閠ection des st閞o飀es oraux vs injectables.
Dans cet article, nous analysons les avantages et les inconv閚ients de oraux vs st閞o飀es injectables, afin que vous sachiez � quoi vous attendre et quelle m閠hode d'administration vous
convient le mieux. Par cons閝uent, nos patients peuvent
ne pas avoir besoin d’un suppl閙ent de soutien h閜atique (comme le
TUDCA ou le chardon-marie) lorsqu’ils font du v閘o
avec des injectables. Tu trouveras ci-dessous
un tableau comparant le temps de d閠ection des st閞o飀es oraux � celui des injectables.
Par cons閝uent, les oraux n閏essitent
des dosages plus fr閝uents pour maintenir des niveaux 閘ev閟 de testost閞one exog鑞e dans le corps.
En moyenne, les st閞o飀es oraux ont des demi-vies plus courtes que les injectables, on constate donc qu’ils agissent plus
rapidement, donnant aux utilisateurs des r閟ultats
en quelques jours.
Ces sorts de produits cr閑nt des probl鑝es de sant� et ne donnent aucun r閟ultat.
Si vous avez obtenu de meilleurs positive aspects avec une m閠hode, n'h閟itez testosterone Sexuelle pas Chere � partager votre
exp閞ience dans la zone de commentaires ci-dessous. De , si vous avez essay� les produits de
Loopy Bulk, dites-nous comment vous vous en 阾es sorti.
Ils posent une certaine toxicit� et peut entra頽er une insuffisance h閜atique dans de rares
cas d'abus de st閞o飀es.
Les injections de testost閞one sont l'une des nombreuses options de traitement sont
utilis閑s pour faire face � un manque de niveaux normaux
de testost閞one dans le corps. Dans la plupart des cas,
les injections sont programm閑s tous les dix jours � deux semaines et sont souvent
la m閠hode pr閒閞閑 de th閞apie de remplacement de la testost閞one par de nombreux
patients et m閐ecins. Il est � noter que les injections
de testost閞one peuvent entra頽er des variations du taux de testost閞one dans le corps.
Cela peut provoquer des troubles de l’humeur et une sensation de fatigue entre les injections.
Cependant, il est attainable de rapprocher les injections pour limiter
ces effets secondaires et maintenir des niveaux de testost閞one plus stables.

Les injections de testost閞one sont une m閠hode courante d’administration du traitement
hormonal substitutif pour les personnes pr閟entant un faible taux de testost閞one.
Ces injections sont g閚閞alement effectu閑s toutes les
deux semaines � plusieurs mois, en fonction de
la resolution injectable choisie.
Enregistrez mon nom, mon adresse e-mail et mon site Internet dans ce navigateur pour le prochain commentaire.
… Sauf si vous avez un papa de sucre qui peut payer le prix fort
anavar / take a look at und閏anoate cycles. Cependant, ces 3 compos閟 ont
間alement quelque selected en commun - ils sont chers.

Le cerveau contr鬺e la production de testost閞one chez les hommes;
il envoie des signaux � la glande pituitaire pour produire
plus de testost閞one dans le corps. Des niveaux plus 閘ev閟 de testost閞one envoient des signaux � l'hypophyse pour
r閐uire la manufacturing. Ainsi, le bon 閝uilibre
des niveaux de testost閞one est essentiel pour que le corps des hommes fonctionne normalement.
Des niveaux inad閝uats de testost閞one dans le corps peuvent affecter
votre sant� globale. G閚閞alement, les niveaux de testost閞one
sont au niveau maximal au d閎ut de la pubert�, et ils chuteront de 1% chaque ann閑 apr鑣 l'鈍e de 30 ans.

Ainsi, des niveaux de testost閞one plus faibles affectent le fonctionnement
de votre corps et une meilleure humeur.
Le dosage des injections de testost閞one varie en fonction des besoins individuels de chaque patient.
Le m閐ecin 関aluera les niveaux de testost閞one dans le corps et d閠erminera la dose appropri閑
pour chaque personne. Il est essentiel de respecter scrupuleusement les recommandations du m閐ecin en mati鑢e de dosage afin d’obtenir
des r閟ultats optimaux. Comme pour les injections,
il est essential que un m閐ecin surveille l'efficacit� et les progr鑣 des traitements afin que les doses peuvent 阾re ajust閑s en cas de besoin et au besoin. Les protocoles d’injection de
testost閞one sont essentiels pour assurer le succ鑣 et la s閏urit� des traitements hormonaux chez les hommes.

Non seulement ces protocoles pr閟ervent la sant� des patients, mais ils augmentent 間alement l’efficacit� des traitements, en minimisant les risques d’effets ind閟irables.
Il est donc essential que le processus comprenne des pr閜arations pour les injections rigoureuses et une conformit� stricte aux directions m閐icales.
Savez-vous que presque 5% des hommes 鈍閟 de plus de
50 ans re鏾ivent des traitements � base de testost閞one ?

Cette statistique surprenante illustre l’importance
d’un information pour les injections de testost閞one s鹯es dans le domaine de la sant� masculine.
L’augmentation de l’utilisation du traitement hormonal
chez les hommes souligne un besoin croissant de clarifier, s閏uriser et optimiser ces proc閐ures m閐icales.
Avec des implications directes sur le bien-阾re et la qualit� de vie,
il s’av鑢e essentiel d’阾re bien inform� sur les meilleures pratiques d’administration de
la testost閞one. En r閟um�, l’administration des injections
de testost閞one doit 阾re effectu閑 par un professionnel de la sant�, en respectant les recommandations et les directions du m閐ecin.

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